An automated system flagged the claims. Cigna doctors signed off the denials in an average of 1.2 seconds each.
A doctor signed every one. Cigna is in court today anyway.
Most organisations using AI or automation to make decisions believe a human in the loop protects them. It doesn’t, unless someone has decided what that human is supposed to do. Cigna had a person on every decision. Workday is being sued over its AI screening of job applicants.
In both cases, and many others like them, the question isn’t whether a person was involved. It’s whether their review was real.
If you use AI in decisions about people, such as who gets hired, promoted, paid or let go, you probably have the same gap. The system recommends, a person signs off, so it feels safe. New rules in California and elsewhere now ask whether that sign-off was real, with obligations starting 1 January 2027. If you can’t answer that in writing, a court may answer it for you.
The problem isn’t the AI. It’s the missing boundary.
AI rarely fails on decisions like these because the model is wrong. It fails because nobody decided, before launch, which decisions AI can take on its own, which need a person, and what that person actually has to do.
In other words nobody defined the boundary.
Skip that step and the AI draws the line itself. You find out where it drew it when an employee complains, a regulator writes or a lawyer files.
Which of these describes you? Each needs a boundary, and a different one in each case:
- A person signs off everything. At volume, review collapses into a stamp. The boundary sets what a real review involves, so 1.2 seconds can’t pass for one.
- AI decides alone. The boundary sets when AI has the authority to act and when it must hand over to a named person.
- AI and people split the work. The boundary decides which decisions go where, and why, in writing.
Most organisations have the AI. Very few have the boundary. Setting it, and making it hold, is what I do.











